Every year, thousands of Americans experience burn injuries. While most are minor, like a first-degree burn, they can turn serious if not treated properly. The 2024 Burn Injury Summary Report by the American Burn Association states that there were 156,073 burn cases in the United States between 2019 to 2023. Awareness of these burn types can help you prevent complications and heal faster. So, read on to learn about minor burns, their causes, and treatments in this guide.
What is a First-Degree Burn?
First-degree burns are superficial skin injuries that impact only the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin. They do not cause damage to deeper tissues like the dermis (second layer) or hypodermis (third layer), unlike second or third-degree burns. A minor burn usually appears red, dry and is often accompanied by mild pain and swelling.
Most people classify burns based on the depth and severity of tissue damage. Minor burns do not usually blister or bleed. However, they may feel severe in certain places, like the face or fingers. This makes it both easier to manage and easier to ignore, but doing so could delay healing or worsen symptoms. These burns heal in about a week without scarring, unlike second-degree burns that take 2 – 3 weeks and often cause blisters and scarring.
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What Causes First-Degree Burns?
There is no 1st degree burn blister. However, if blisters appear, they may be a sign of a second-degree burn. Therefore, you must know the major causes of minor burns to find the most appropriate treatment option or home remedy. These include:
Sunburns
You usually develop a sunburn when you stay out in the sun too long or do not apply enough sunscreen. The sun produces intense ultraviolet (UV) rays that may quickly penetrate the outer layer of your skin. Staying exposed for too long, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., can turn a nice day outdoors into several days of discomfort. This often causes your skin to redden, become tender, or even peel.
Therefore, dermatologists recommend wearing a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, reapplying it every two hours, and covering your skin when possible. It also helps to monitor the daily UV index through weather apps or dedicated UV index apps
Scalds
Scalds are common in children younger than 4 years old. For example, a toddler reaching up and tipping over a cup of hot tea may end up with painful, red patches of burned skin on the body. Children also get scalds if they bathe or shower in extremely hot water. Please note that the recommended safe water temperature should be at or below 120° F. Make sure to check the bathwater temperature before placing your child in it.
Electricity
Electrical cords, sockets, and appliances pose considerable dangers and may cause 1st degree burns. If your child sticks a finger into the openings of a socket or bites an electrical cord, they can get electrocuted or burned from excessive exposure to electricity. If someone is electrocuted, make sure to turn off the power before touching the person. Alternatively, flush chemical burns with water for at least 20 minutes. Even small visible burns from electricity may hide deeper tissue damage, so these often need a check-up.
Touching Hot Objects
Burns can happen fast when you touch something hot. It could be a curling iron, a hair straightener, a pan on the stove, or even a seatbelt buckle that’s been sitting in the sun. These are called contact burns. They don’t always cover a large area, but they can still hurt and leave your skin red and sore. Some mild chemical burns may progress hours later, so make sure to monitor any changes since the beginning.
Cleaning Products and Mild Chemicals
Some cleaning liquids we use around the house can burn the skin, especially if they stay on too long. Bleach, toilet bowl cleaners, and drain openers are just a few examples. These chemicals don’t always cause pain right away, but after a while, the skin may feel irritated, dry, or start peeling. This kind of burn is more likely on the hands, arms, or face, especially if you don’t use gloves. Always rinse your skin with cool water if you think something strong touched it, and try to read the warning labels before using cleaning products.
Friction Burns from Rubbing or Sliding
Friction burns happen when your skin rubs against a rough surface fast enough to create heat and cause damage. These are common in athletes, gym-goers, and young children who may fall on carpets, gym mats, or playground surfaces. Treadmill accidents are a classic example, where a misstep can cause the skin on your hand or leg to skid against the moving belt, creating a burn. To reduce the risk, athletes and fitness enthusiasts should wear proper protective gear like knee pads, elbow guards, or full-length workout clothing.
Radiation or Laser Exposure
Some people get first-degree burns during cancer treatments that use radiation. These burns don’t happen right away but build up over time if the same area of skin is exposed again and again. The skin might turn red, feel dry, or start to itch. Some cosmetic treatments, like laser hair removal or light therapy, can also cause this kind of burn if the skin reacts too strongly. These burns usually heal on their own but may need gentle care, especially if the area is already sensitive.
Read More: How First Aid Training Supports Cancer Patient Safety at Home
What are the Signs and Symptoms of First-Degree Burns?
Knowing what a 1st degree burn is is not enough because you must also recognize it early to avoid further complications. This involves understanding the primary signs and symptoms to begin timely treatment. Let’s break down the key symptoms and what to expect when you or someone around you has a minor burn.
Skin Redness and Warmth
One of the first things you’ll notice after a first-degree burn is redness in the affected area. The skin may also feel warm to the touch. This happens because the burn causes small blood vessels in your skin to expand, bringing more blood to the area in response to the injury. On lighter skin, the redness is usually easy to spot. On darker skin, the burn may appear reddish-brown or slightly darker than the surrounding skin. Sometimes, you may spot an ash or grey tone in certain skin types.
Mild Swelling
It’s normal to have a bit of swelling after a first-degree burn. The body responds to injury by sending fluid to the area, which helps begin the healing process. The swelling is usually mild and goes down on its own in a day or two. But if it keeps increasing or spreads beyond the burn site, it could be a sign of infection or a more serious problem.
Pain and Soreness
Most people feel burning or stinging pain right away. Sometimes, they may also feel a tight skin sensation. The pain can range from mild to sharp, depending on how large the burn is or where it’s located. For example, burns on the hands, feet, face, or joints may feel more intense because those areas are more sensitive or move more often. The pain may last for a couple of days, and over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can usually help manage it.
Dryness and Peeling
As your skin begins to heal, the damaged outer layer may dry out and start to peel. This usually happens a day or two after the injury and can last for up to a week. Peeling is a normal part of healing, in which your body gets rid of damaged skin so new skin can take its place. It’s important not to pick or pull at peeling skin, since doing so can cause scarring or increase the risk of infection.
Itching
Itching is another common symptom as the skin heals. While it can be annoying, it’s usually not a sign of anything serious. You can apply a gentle moisturizer or use an anti-itch cream if the sensation becomes too uncomfortable. Alternatively, you may also try oatmeal baths or cool compresses as non-medicated relief. Just try not to scratch the area, especially if the skin is dry or flaky, since that can make things worse.
Temporary Change in Skin Color
After a first-degree burn heals, the affected area may look lighter or darker than your normal skin tone. This discoloration usually fades with time, but it may take a few weeks or even months, depending on your skin type and how deep the burn was. Protecting the healing area from the sun can help prevent long-term pigment changes.
No Blisters or Open Wounds
A key sign that you’re dealing with a first-degree burn and not a second-degree one is the absence of blisters. If blisters appear, even small ones, the burn has likely affected the deeper layer of skin (the dermis) and is no longer considered first-degree. First-degree burns may look red, dry, and inflamed, but they don’t break the skin or ooze.
First-degree vs. Second-degree Burn Symptoms
Let’s draw a quick comparison between first-degree and second-degree burn symptoms to help you understand the key differences.
| Feature | First-Degree Burn | Second-Degree Burn |
| Skin Layer Affected | Epidermis (outer layer only) | Epidermis + part of dermis (deeper layer) |
| Appearance | Red, dry, no blisters | Red, moist, with clear fluid-filled blisters |
| Pain Level | Mild to moderate | Moderate to severe |
| Swelling | Minimal | Noticeable |
| Healing Time | 3–7 days, no scarring | 2–3 weeks, may scar or leave pigmentation |
When the Burn Covers a Large Area
If a burn covers a large portion of your body, like your back, chest, arms, or legs, it can cause more pain, swelling, and a longer healing time. You may also lose more moisture through the skin, which can increase the risk of dehydration or infection. In such cases, it’s a good idea to check in with a doctor. Even though the burn may still be shallow, treating a larger surface area is more difficult.
How Long Does a First-Degree Burn Last?
The healing time for first-degree burns ranges from 3 to 7 days. However, the duration depends on factors like your age, overall skin health, location of the burn, and how well the wound is treated. In some sensitive areas like the face, even mild burns can take longer to heal fully. Avoid repeated sun exposure during the healing process because failing to do so can cause prolonged redness.
Meanwhile, here’s a healing time chart by location (face and limbs):
| Degree | Mechanism of Injury (MOI) | Scar/contracture | Healing time |
| 1st | Sun exposure, hot liquid (low viscosity) | None | 3-7 days |
| 2a (superficial) | Hot liquids, chemical burns, flash | Minimal | 1-3 weeks with pigment change |
| 2b (deep) | Flame, electrical, hot liquid (high viscosity) | High risk | 3-6 weeks with scar |
| 3rd | Flame, electrical, chemical, blast | Severe risk | Requires a skin graft |
| 4th | Prolonged exposure to flame, chemical, blast | Definite | Requires excision |
What are the Healing Stages of First-Degree Burns?
The human body usually follows a natural progression in healing burns. Knowing what to expect can ease anxiety and help you monitor recovery effectively. On that note, here are the different 1st degree burn healing stages:
Stage 1: Inflammation
The body responds with inflammation within just 24-48 hours. Blood flow increases to the area to bring healing cells, which causes visible redness and pain. This is a protective reaction that prepares the skin for repair.
Stage 2: Regeneration
After a day or two, new skin cells begin forming. The redness starts fading, and the discomfort reduces. You might notice the top layer of skin peeling away. This is completely normal and should be allowed to happen naturally.
Stage 3: Restoration
Finally, your skin returns to its original form. However, the new skin may be more sensitive to any kind of friction or sunlight. Please note that the pigmentation changes may linger for a longer time, even if the skin feels normal. During this period, moisturizing and protecting the skin are the keys to avoiding long-term pigmentation issues.
Read More: How Artificial Intelligence is Revolutionizing CPR and First Aid
How to Treat First-degree Burns at Home?
First-degree burns usually don’t need a doctor, but they need proper home care to minimize discomfort and speed up healing. Here are some wound care basics you must follow for first-degree burn treatment:
Immediate First Aid Steps
As soon as a burn occurs, the priority is to cool the skin. Run the affected area under cool (not cold) water for 10 to 15 minutes. If running water isn’t available, you can use a clean, cool compress instead. This helps pull the heat out of the skin and keeps the burn from going deeper. Knowing how to treat 1st degree burn reduces heat retention and inflammation. Avoid using ice, which can damage the skin further by constricting blood vessels, reducing blood flow, and causing additional tissue damage.
Ointments to Apply to First-degree Burns
- Cool the burn first, then gently pat dry.
- Once cooling is done, move to the moisturizing phase by applying burn gel, aloe vera, or a lidocaine-based moisturizer.
- Use natural aloe vera gel directly from the plant if available.
- Avoid butter, toothpaste, oil, or baby powder.
- Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain and inflammation, following dosage instructions.
- Do not pop blisters.
- Do not pick or peel the skin; let it shed naturally.
- Continue using a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer to prevent dryness and support healing.
Do First-degree Burns Leave Scars?
First-degree burns usually heal without leaving scars because they affect only the outer layer of skin. However, complications like infection, repeated irritation, or sun damage can cause dark spots, light patches, or uneven healing. Skin tone also plays a role in how marks appear after recovery. Here are some points to understand:
- Most first-degree burns do not leave permanent scars.
- Infection, scratching, or repeated burns in the same spot can affect healing.
- Darker skin tones are more prone to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- Sun exposure on healing skin can lead to dark or uneven patches.
- Always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) or cover the area until fully healed.
- Vitamin E creams or silicone gel sheets may help improve skin texture after healing.
- Persistent discoloration (lasting months) may be treated by dermatologists with mild chemical peels or laser therapy, though this is rarely needed.
When to See a Healthcare Provider?
Most 1st degree burns can be prevented if you take the right actions. And, of course, most of these burn injuries are manageable at home. However, there are certain exceptions and cases where you must visit a doctor compulsorily to treat the burn:
If the burn covers a large area (like the entire back or leg), is on the face or genitals, or the person burned is very young or elderly, consult a doctor. Also, look out for increased pain, swelling, pus, or fever because these may signal an infection. In some cases, what appears to be first-degree burns may actually be deeper, so seek medical attention immediately.
First-Degree Burns in Children and Older Adults
Certain groups are more vulnerable to even minor burns and require extra care. Let’s check out the impact of burns in children and older adults in detail:
Why Children are More at Risk
Children have thinner, more sensitive skin, making them more prone to burn injuries from hot liquids or sun exposure. Even a minor burn can cause serious discomfort and psychological distress. Always supervise children in the kitchen or while bathing.
Challenges in Elderly Burn Recovery
Aging skin regenerates more slowly. Also, the elderly may not feel burns as quickly due to reduced nerve sensitivity, leading to delayed treatment. For them, even first-degree burns can become a serious concern if left unmanaged. Thinner skin in older adults means less protection for underlying tissues, making burns more likely to worsen or extend deeper. Slower healing increases the risk of infection, fluid loss, and persistent inflammation.
How to Prevent First-Degree Burns?
Burns are often preventable with small lifestyle adjustments and awareness. You can follow certain tips and tricks to ensure you avoid such injuries as much as possible. This often involves following the steps below:
Kitchen and Household Safety
Always turn pot handles inward, and never leave boiling water unattended. Install guards on electrical appliances and test the water temperature before bathing. Avoid placing hot beverages on unstable surfaces. To further reduce risks, consider installing anti-scald devices on taps and showers to automatically control water temperature. Parents can also use child-proofing tools like stove knob covers, outlet covers, and safety gates around kitchens.
Sun Protection
Wear SPF 30 or higher when outdoors. Reapply sunscreen every 2–3 hours, especially after sweating or swimming. Protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats also help reduce exposure.
Safe Product Usage
Read labels on household cleaning products because mixing them with other materials can create dangerous reactions. Use gloves when handling chemicals and store them safely out of children’s reach.
What to Do if You See a Blister
Never pop or drain a blister. It serves as a natural protective barrier against infection. Keep the area clean and dry. If the blister accidentally bursts, apply an antibiotic ointment and cover it with sterile gauze.
Get Certified to Treat First-degree Burns!
A first-degree burn may not sound alarming, but neglecting proper care can prolong healing and cause unnecessary discomfort. This requires you to understand the causes and recognize the symptoms to take timely action. These common injuries, like sunburns and scalds, can happen to anyone. But with proper knowledge and care, you can prevent complications and ensure that even the mildest burns are treated with the respect they deserve. If a blister bursts, clean it gently, avoid peeling loose skin, apply antibiotic ointment, and cover with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.
Minor burns can affect confidence, but most heal without leaving visible scars. On that note, if you want to learn more about 1st degree burn treatments, consider enrolling in a standard first aid course now.
